PROgramming in LOGic

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<programming> Programming in Logic or (French) Programmation en Logique. The first of the huge family of {logic programming} languages. Prolog was invented by Alain Colmerauer and Phillipe Roussel at the University of Aix-Marseille in 1971. It was first implemented 1972 in ALGOL-W. It was designed originally for natural-language processing but has become one of the most widely used languages for artificial intelligence. It is based on LUSH (or SLD) resolution {theorem proving} and unification. The first versions had no user-defined functions and no control structure other than the built-in depth-first search with backtracking. Early collaboration between Marseille and Robert Kowalski at University of Edinburgh continued until about 1975. Early implementations included C-Prolog, ESLPDPRO, Frolic, LM-Prolog, Open Prolog, SB-Prolog, {UPMAIL Tricia Prolog}. In 1998, the most common Prologs in use are Quintus Prolog, SICSTUS Prolog, LPA Prolog, {SWI Prolog}, AMZI Prolog, SNI Prolog. ISO draft standard at {prolog/standard/">Darmstadt, Germany (ftp://ftp.th-darmstadt.de/pub/programming/languages/prolog/standard/)}. or UGA, USA (ftp://ai.uga.edu/ai.prolog.standard). See also negation by failure, Kamin's interpreters, Paradigms of AI Programming, Aditi. A Prolog interpreter in Scheme. ftp://cpsc.ucalgary.ca/pub/prolog1.1. {A Prolog package (ftp://cpsc.ucalgary.ca/pub/prolog1.1/prolog11.tar.Z)} from the University of Calgary features delayed goals and interval arithmetic. It requires Scheme with continuations. ["Programming in Prolog", W.F. Clocksin & C.S. Mellish, Springer, 1985]. (2001-04-01)

A Prolog from the SICS (Swedish Inst of Comp Sci). E-mail: <sicstus-request@sics.se>. Mailing list: sicstus-users@sics.se. (1995-01-05)

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<body, education> A university in the centre of Scotland's capital. The University of Edinburgh has been promoting and setting standards in education for over 400 years. Granted its Royal Charter in 1582 by James VI, the son of Mary Queen of Scots, the University was founded the following year by the Town Council of Edinburgh, making it the first post-Reformation university in Scotland, and the first civic university to be established in the British Isles. Known in its early years as King James College, or the Tounis (Town's) College, the University soon established itself internationally, and by the 18th century Edinburgh was a leading centre of the European Enlightenment and one of the continent's principal universities. The University's close relationship with the city in which it is based, coupled with a forward-looking, international perspective, has kept Edinburgh at the forefront of new research and teaching developments whilst enabling it to retain a uniquely Scottish character. Edinburgh's academics are at the forefront of developments in the study and application of languages, medicine, micro-electronics, biotechnology, computer-based disciplines and many other subjects. Edinburgh's standing as a world centre for research is further enhanced by the presence on and around University precincts of many independently-funded, but closely linked, national research institutes http://ed.ac.uk/. Address: Old College, South Bridge, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9YL, UK. Telephone: +44 (131) 650 1000. See also ABSET, ABSYS, Alice, ASL+, Baroque, C++Linda, Cogent Prolog, COWSEL, Echidna, {Edinburgh Prolog}, Edinburgh SML, EdML, ELLIS, ELSIE, ESLPDPRO, Extended ML, Hope, IMP, LCF, Lisp-Linda, Marseille Prolog, metalanguage, MIKE, ML, ML Kit, ML-Linda, Multipop-68, Nuprl, Oblog, paraML, Pascal-Linda, POP-1, POP-2, POPLER, Prolog, Prolog-2, Prolog-Linda, Scheme-Linda, Skel-ML, Standard ML, Sticks&Stones, supercombinators, SWI-Prolog, tail recursion modulo cons, WPOP. (1995-12-29)

<language> An extension of standard Prolog defined by Dale A. Miller and Gopalan Nadathur in 1986, in which terms are strongly typed lambda terms. Clauses are higher order hereditary Harrop formulas. The main novelties are universal quantification on goals and implication. The Prolog/Mali compiler compiles Lambda Prolog for the MALI abstract memory system. Teyjus (http://teyjus.cs.umn.edu/) is an implementation of Lambda Prolog. Lambda Prolog home (http://cse.psu.edu/Lambda Prologdale/lProlog/). Mailing list: lprolog@cs.umn.edu. ["Higher-order logic programming", Miller D.A. and Nadathur G., 3rd International Conference on Logic Programming, pp 448-462, London 1986]. [Nadathur G. "A Higher-Order Logic as a Basis for Logic Programming", Thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 1987]. (2002-10-15)

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